Cardiology Studies: Conditions Involved and Services Offered

Cardiology Studies Conditions Involved and Services Offered1. The playing product line of medicine it studiesiCardiology derived from Greek and Latin. Kardia in Greek means the magnetic core and logia in like manner from Greek stands for logy or study. Branch of medicine tell aparting with maladys of the cardiovascular system of rules ( centre, aorta and smaller blood vessels), their diagnosis and treat custodyt.2. Title of consultants in this fieldCardiology segment is run by Cardiologists which is divided into cardiac sections and various cardiac consultants including Heart surgeons, Cardiologist Electrophysiologist, Cardiothoracic surgical treatment of thorax (the chest) of the centre of attention ( totality disease) and lungs (lung disease). surgeons and Cardiovascular (diseases that reckon the heart or blood vessels) Imaging Consultants. 3. Services offered in the Cardiology department.Cardiology department is divided into various other sub departments which befall u nder Cardiology family unitCardiac Catheterisation Laboratoryii (Cath Lab) there atomic number 18 m all procedures carried out(p) in the Cath Lab some of which may be Coronary Catheterization, Coronary (relating to arteries ring and supplying the heart) Angioplasty (opens blocked arteries and restores normal blood flow to heart muscle), changeless and Temporary Pace wee-weer Implantations and many more.Coronary C ar Unitiii (CCU) fear of patients with heart attacks, unstable angina, cardiac dysrhythmia (abnormality in heart rhythm) etc. bosom Pain Assessment Unitiv is to assess and treat patients with invigoration-threatening heart cadency ups, chest distressingness, heart attacks, shortness of breath, palpitations etc.Cardiac Rehabilitationv is a course of study for tidy sum who are on their way of re superlativey from a heart attack, heart adversity, heart valve surgery, etc. the program involves adopting heart-wellnessy conductstyle changes, exercise training, a nd assistant you return to an feative life.Cardiology Outpatients examines and treats patients without keeping everywherenight.4. Surgical procedures and diagnostic tests characterd in the Cardiology department.viCoronary Angiogram (x-ray photo of blood and lymph vessels) is carried out in the Cath Lab it is an invasive imaging procedure, used to evaluate the presence of disease in the coronary arteries, valves or aorta and heart muscle function. Also to confine the need for further treatment.Permanent Pacemaker (PPM) Insertion is an invasive procedure used to stabilise the heart rhythm. An incision is do on the go pastover side of the chest under the clavicle, following local anaesthetic(a), the leads and pacemaker are inserted.Catheter Ablation invasive procedure used to treat an abnormal heart rhythm (arrhythmia). S constantlyal catheters are inserted into the patients groin, neck or arm and maneuver with the aid of x-ray equipment to the heart.Implantable Cardioverte r Defibrillator (high energy shock to bring back heart action) (ICD) it is an invasive procedure used to stabilise the heart rhythm. An incision is do on the left side of the chest by and by local anaesthetic and the ICD leads and device box are inserted. Using x-ray guidance, the leads are located into position.Coronary Angioplasty used to widen narrowed coronary arteries. Opening up the arteries improves blood flow to the heart and may improve symptoms. A catheter with a small balloon at the tip is guided with a blood vessel into the heart artery. The balloon is inf deeplyd at the situation of the narrowed artery, widening its diameter (balloon angioplasty).5. Medical conditions encountered in the Cardiology department.viiMost gross heart conditions areCoronary thrombosis a blood clot in the coronary artery.Cardiac arrhythmia Abnormal electrical activity in the heart, the heart beat may be too fast or too slow, it bunghole be regular or unrhythmic.Cardiac failure the hear t impairs its big businessman to supply sufficient blood flow to cooperate the bodys needs.Palpitations abnormal awareness of the beating of the heart whether it is too slow, too fast, irregular or at its normal frequency.6. Common abbreviations relating to CardiologyMRI Magnetic plangency imagingCTComputed tomography (X-Ray)ECG Electrocardiogram (or EKG)VFVentricle failureCHDCoronary heart disease7. Common blood tests used in diagnosing heart disease.Cardiac biomarkers these tests are used to diagnose a heart attack by determining if heart cells apply been damaged.viii lipoid blood tests checks aims of cholesterol and triglycerides, which are associated with the risk of heart disease.ix brain 1EndoEndoscopyused to examine a persons digestive tractQuestion 2Noroviruswinter vomiting bug side effects nausea, vomiting, watery diarrhoea, sort AB painQuestion 3-5 conditionExplanationGingivitisignition of gumsGingiv= gumsItis= inflammationEndocarditis transmission of the inner lini ng of the heartEndo= inner lining ofCard= the heartIt is= inflammationAtherosclerosisNarrowing and hardening of arteriesAthero= arteryScler=hardeningOsis= condition of theQuestion 6-8TermExplanationRe of lates toCystitisInflammation of bladderUrinary systemUraemiaBlood in the urineUrinary systemEnteritisInflammation of gastrointestinal tractDigestive systemQuestion 9-11Term departmentConsultantDisorder of horm unrivalledsEndocrinologyEndocrinologistDisorders of the digestive systemGastroenterologyGastroenterologistDisorders of the skinDermatologyDermatologistQuestion 12-17HCVHepatitis C virusHIV humane immunodeficiency virusPUDpeptic ulcer diseaseIVFIn-vitro fertilisationMRSAMethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus AureusC. DiffC mazedridium DifficileQuestion 18-20TermSuffixesExamplesInflammationItisConjunctivitisCystitisBoneOsteo/OrthoOsteoporosisRheumatoid ArthritisTumourOmaMalignant melanomaSquamous cell carcinomaReferencesi https//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiologyii https//en.wikipe dia.org/wiki/Cath_labiii https//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronary_ contend_unitiv http//www.westerntrust.hscni.net/services/2577.htmv https//www.nhlbi.nih.gov/wellness/ health-topics/topics/rehabvi http//www.blackrock-clinic.ie/services-procedures/cardiology/procedures/vii An introductory to Anatomy Physiology, 4th Edition, reprinted in November 2012, written by Louise Tucker. Chapter 5 The Cardiovascular System page. 85viii http//www.leehealth.org/cardiaccare/tests/blood.aspix http//www.webmd.com/cholesterol-management/cholesterol-and-triglycerides-tests1Good go forth catch Sean MaguireGood give search Sean Maguiregenus Melissa HernandezThis case is nigh, Sean Maguire, a character in Good Will Hunting. Mr. Maguire is a 56-year-old Caucasian psychologist and therapist male. He teaches different types of psychology classes at maw Hill Community College in Boston. He was married to, Nancy Maguire for eighteen days onward he mazed her to skunkcer. They have n forever had any ch ildren. later onwards his married woman scarpered away, Mr. Maguire withdrew himself from friends and family. He is also a Vietnam Veteran. He continues to teach at the college because he wants to be surrounded by the tribe he is acquainted(predicate) with, people he grew up with. This case study will even out Mr. Maguires transition being secluded from friends into his turning point when he starts to make amends with his friends. intent Course PerspectiveThe life course side (LCP) looks at how biological, psychological, and loving factors act independently, cumulatively, and interactively to shape peoples lives from conception to death, and across generations. Of course, age is nevertheless one dimension of humane behavior . . . (Hutchinson, 2015, p. 7). The LCP has five funda affable concepts cohorts, transitions, trajectories, life events, and turning points (Hutchinson, 2015, p. 11).CohortA cohort is a group of persons who were born during the akin cadence and who hold neighborly changes within a given culture in the same sequence and at the same age (Hutchinson, 2015, p. 11). Sean Maguire be spaciouss to the Caucasian, team of professors cohort. All of Mr. Maguires friends are professors who have gone on to do more with their lives. During the period Mr. Maguires wife was sick he free counseling and he regretted it. After her death, he secluded himself from his friends. Mr. Maguires cohort were his friends from college, his colleagues, and his wife.Life EventsA life event is a significant occurrence involving a relatively abrupt change that may produce serious and long lasting effects (Hutchinson, 2015, p. 15). Mr. Maguires life events evolve around his wife from the twinkling he meets her until she passes. He passes up the Boston Red Sox playoff games, probably one of the nearly crucial playoff games during the history of baseball, to drop off time with Nancy who he had and met. It was a risk worth taking because later he marries h er and he states, I dont regret the 18 years I was married to Nancy. I dont regret the sestet years that she was sick and I gave up counseling. I dont regret later when she got really sick. I sure as endocarp dont regret missing that damn game.After his wifes death, he lives an independent life. The pain he is left with after her passing became difficult to take up with. He doesnt know how to move on until he meets a young man, Will Hunting, he starts to counsel who helps change his life. Also as a child, Mr. Maguire experiences call out from his downpour founding mystify who he tries defend his mother from. He can relate to his patient Mr. Hunting.TransitionA transition is a influence of gra two-fold change that usually involves acquiring or relinquishing roles, solely it can be any change in status, such as change in health status (Hutchinson, 2015, p. 13). Sean Maguire transitions into life without his wife after she dies. This life event changed Mr. Maguires environment as well as his self-concept and expectations. He is non able to move past losing his wife and watching her modernize more and more ill. It hurts him knowing there was nothing he could have done for her but he is grateful he was able to spend her last months with her. This transition required Sean Maguire to make social ad incisivelyments. He stop counseling for the duration Mrs. Maguire was sick, which he previously stated he regretted. Transitioning to life without his wife has been a challenge for Maguire.Life Course Perspective Themesthither are six themes that pertain to the life course prospect interplay of human lives and historical time, timing of lives, colligate or interdependent lives, human office in making choices, diversity in life course trajectories, and developmental risk and protection (Hutchinson, 2015, p. 20). This case study will cover linked or interdependent lives, human execution in making choices, and developmental risk and protection.Linked or Interde pendent LivesThe life course situation emphasizes the interdependence of human lives and the ways in which people are mutually connected on several levels. (Hutchinson, 2015, p. 24). Mr. Maguire shut off communication with his college friends which left him with no social support, which is defined as help rendered by others that benefits an undivided or collectively, is an obvious element of interdependent lives (Hutchinson, 2015, p. 24). The one person who was Sean Maguires family who of all time stood by his side through everything passed away, thus causing him to push away friends who could have supported him.Human Agency in Making ChoicesConstructing a life course through the exercise of human agency, or the use of personal power to achieve ones remnants. (Hutchinson, 2015, p. 28). Sean Maguire grew up with an abusive alcoholic dumbfound who would beat on him, his mother, and younger brother. He would protect his mother and blood relation by taking the beatings for them. H e confesses this to his client, Mr. Hunting. Growing up with an abusive father and in a low-income community, led Mr. Maguire to make goals to occupy out of that environment. He enlisted in the military and fought in the Vietnam war, returned home and made another goal to achieve his Doctorate degree in Psychology. Then he hide in turn in with, Nancy who he soon married. According to Albert Bandura, Mr. Maguire uses all troika modes of efficacy self-efficacy, efficacy expectation, and collective agency to set these goals and accomplish them.developmental Risk and ProtectionAs the life course perspective has go along to evolve, it has more clearly emphasize the links surrounded by the life events and transitions of childhood, adolescence, and crowinghood. (Hutchinson, 2015, p. 31). As a child Mr. Maguire experiences outcry at the workforce of his father. As a young adult, he experiences difficult situations during his time served in the Vietnam war. An example of him protect ing himself is when his client, Mr. Hunting criticizes his painting which is a painting done by Mr. Maguires late wife. He pushes Mr. Hunting up against the wall and proceeds to walk out of the room to gain his power back. He protects himself by pushing people away, he doesnt want to get close to anyone for fear of losing them or acquire hurt.Banduras Social Learning TheoryAlbertBandura proposes that humans are agentic, meaning they are capable of intentionally influencing their own functioning and life circumstances (Hucthinson, 2015, p. 28). Bandura argues that nonchalant life requires use of all tether modes of agency. The three agencies will apologise how Sean Maguire used them through his life course perspective. person-to-person agencyPersonal agency is exercised personly, using personal influence to shape environmental events or ones own behavior (Hutchinson, 2015, p. 28). Sean Maguire grew up in a low-income neighborhood with an alcoholic father who abused his mother an d him. He used personal agency to get out of the neighborhood and rise up from the physical and mental abuse. He set goals to get out of his neighborhood, enlist in the U. S. host and attend college. He did well because he earned a Ph. D. procurator agencyProxy agency is exercised to influence others who have greater resources to act on ones behalf to meet needs and accomplish goals (Hutchinson, 2015, p. 28). Sean Maguire is a professor and psychologist who helps people resolve any conflicts they might have. In this case Mr. Maguire helps Will Hunting resolve his issues he has been dealing with since his childhood and young adult life. Mr. Hunting believes the abuse he endured as a child was his fault and was stuck in his childhood.Collective agency Collective agency is exercised on the group level when people act together to meet needs and accomplish goals (Hutchinson, 2015, p. 28). Sean Maguire and Will Hunting help each other accomplish life perspective goals together, which ben efits two men. The time Mr. Maguire spent with Mr. Hunting was beneficial for both men because they opened up to each other and helped one another deal with conflicts they probably would not have otherwise dealt with. Mr. Maguire was able to reconnect with old friends and hump life even though his best friend is no monthlong alive. Mr. Hunting was able to accomplish his goal of falling in love and trusting someone, specifically a woman who he was afraid to get close to.Eriksons Theory of Psychosocial DevelopmentEriksons theory explains socioemotional development in name of age defined stages such as basic trust and apprehension which ranges from birth to one year old autonomy versus shame and query which falls into one to three year olds initiative versus sin which is from three to five year olds industry versus inferiority which has an age range of six to 11 years old identity versus role diffusion from ages 11 to 20 years old intimacy versus isolation which includes 21 to 40 year old adults generativity versus stagnation which 40 to 65 year olds fall and ego integrity versus despair which is 65 and older (Hutchinson, 2015, p. 112).Intimacy versus guiltSean Maguire is 56 years old and finds himself dealing with intimacy and isolation. During the time his wife was sick he momentarily ceased his practice and regrets not help clients. It was during that time that he also isolated himself from his friends and colleagues. After he became a widower Mr. Maguire further confined himself as he tried to deal with the death of his wife. He became distant from his students, who lost respect for him and he halt communicating with his friends. He does not believe he will ever find a love like the love he undergo with his wife.Levinsons Theories of Finding BalanceDaniel Levinson suggest that middle adulthood is a time when somebodys tackle to find balance in their lives in several ways (Hutchinson, 2015, p. 321). Levinson sees the transition to middle adulthood at tachment versus separation. Mr. Maguire deals with being attached to his wife and then losing her to cancer. He does not know how to deal with this in a positive manner. He has a huge tab at a local bar that has not been paid in months. estimable Issues Ethical issues a social worker could possibly stage could be, Sean Maguire is a psychologist who may not want to speak about his issues because he doesnt realize he has any issues to resolve. It would probably be an issue trying to convince Mr. Maguire what him and the social worker speak about is strictly between them and will be kept confidential. The social worker will not speak to her colleagues about what is discussed nor will the sessions interfere with Mr. Maguires careers.Ethical PrinciplesThe social worker may gift self-regard and worth of a person respectable principle when operative with Mr. Maguire. Social workers treat each person in a nip for and respectful fashion, mindful of individual differences and cultural a nd ethnic diversity. Social workers drive clients socially responsible self-determination. Social workers seek to enhance clients capacity and chance to change and to address their own needs. Social workers are cognizant of their dual responsibility to clients and to the broader society. They seek to resolve conflicts between clients interests and the broader societys interests in a socially responsible manner consistent with the values, ethical principles, and ethical standards of the profession (NASW, 2008)The social workers client, Mr. Maguire may not feel worthy and may feel his dignity is lost if he needs to speak about some issues that are interfering with his life.Ethical ValuesDignity and worth of the person is an ethical value a social worker may deal with when running(a) with Mr. Maguire. As stated previously, Mr. Maguire could possibly feel like his dignity is lost and his self-worth is diminished. The social worker must not allow the client to feel they have lost thei r dignity and make them feel they are worthy, because it is not easy to for Mr. Maguire to admit he needs help and seek it to bring about a healthier individual.DiscriminationSean Maguire received discrimination as a child growing up in an impoverished neighborhood. As an adult he was discriminated against because his friends think he did not anything further with his life after he earned his college degree.OppressionSean Maguire experienced oppression at the hands of his father plot of land growing up as a child. His father had abused him and his mother physically and psychologically. The oppression he experienced made him stronger and more willing to accomplish goals.ConclusionSean Maguire has accomplished many goals man counseling his client, Will Hunting. He has learned how to deal with the passing of his wife in a positive way and he has reconnected with old friends who can bring him joy during this time in his life. Mr. Maguire needed someone who he could relate to and conn ect with who would help him come out of seclusion and experience the fulfillment of life. He is able as well to understand the abuse he endured as a child was not his to blame and he is able to nurture and love another person despite his life experiences.ReferencesAffleck, B., Damon, M., Driver, M., Elfman, D., Escoffier, J., Sant, G. V., Williams, R. (Writers). (1997). Good Will Hunting Video file.Hutchison, E. (2015). Life Course Perspective. In Dimensions of Human Behavior The Changing Life Course (Fifth ed., p. 7, 11, 13, 20). Thousand Oaks, CA apt Publishing.Code of Ethics (English and Spanish) National Association of Social Workers. (n.d.). Retrieved November 11, 2016, from https//www.socialworkers.org/pubs/code/code.aspSun, X., Kim, D. O. (1999). registration of 2f1-2f2 distortion product otoacoustic emission in young-adult and old CBA and C57 mice. The Journal of the acoustic Society of America, 105(6), 3399-3409. doi10.1121/1.424668Wood, R., Bandura, A. (1989). Socia l Cognitive Theory of Organizational Management. academy of Management Review, 14(3), 361-384. doi10.5465/AMR.1989.4279067What was the Reasoning behind Medicare and Medicaid?What was the Reasoning behind Medicare and Medicaid? archeozoic in the 20th century, those concerned in the human condition, mostly re causations and progressives, think that the American family needed protection from the debilitating effects of lost yield subsequent to the family provider becoming unable to work due to an unhealthiness or injury. Many of the social service benefits we enjoy today were grow in what was referred to at that time as Sickness Insurance. Sickness restitution included the seeds of future programs like Social protection Retirement, Social security Disability Insurance (SSI), Unemployment Insurance, Workmans Compensation and yes Medicare and Medicaid.Although advocates for sickness insurance included plans to cover medical checkup examination expenses. They were far more con cerned with families recouping losses due to lost wages than they were with recovering medical expenses. This was because medical expenses during that time period were importantly less expensive and burdensome than they are today. During the origin part of the twentieth century the average person spent roughly $30.00/year and that summation included burial expenses should they be needed. As a result, the political clime in the first half of the twentieth century, accompanying opposition from the medical profession and other interest groups, defeated any successful attempt towards establishing health insurance in any form or, for that matter, developing any type of comprehensive health care strategy until the mid to late 1930s.Although the Social Security tour was passed by Congress in 1935 and physicians began organizing the first nonpublic healthcare plans like Blue Shield to cover cost of physicians care in 1939, it wasnt until the late 1950s and early 1960s before the g roundwork began which eventually produced Medicare and Medicaid. The stimulus for this development was directly attributable to private insurance companies adjusting their premiums on growing employer-based health coverage on ever increasing medical cost. As a result, the retired and disabled found it progressively more difficult to find affordable coverage as costs for same quickly exceeded their means. Because of this, health reformers focused their efforts on the elderly a battle more easily won.In 1960, Federal Employees acquired a health benefit plan (FEHBP), providing health insurance coverage to federal workers. The Kerr-Mills sham was also passed that year which provided federal monetary support to state programs providing medical care to the poor and elderly. The Kerr-Mills Act was the precursor to the Medicaid program.Shortly after the well-behaved Rights Act passes in 1964, chairperson Lyndon B. Johnson signed the Medicare and Medicaid programs into law (1965). This legislation created Medicare actuate A (covering hospital and limited skilled nursing and home health care), as well as Medicare Part B (a plan to help cover the costs of physicians services). The Medicare and Medicaid programs were incorporated into the Social Security Act as a result of support from the hospital and health insurance industries in the main because this legislation contained no cost controls or physician fee schedules along with public approval and a congress containing a progressive, democratic majority. The abutting ten years, 1971 1981 saw an expansion of services under the Social Security Income (SSI) program such as a cash assistance program to elderly and disabled persons along with amendments that allow those with long-term disabilities to qualify for Medicare objet dart healthcare costs continued to skyrocket and politicians squabbled with special interest groups over devices and reforms.The next 30 years, 1981 to 2009, was composed of a flurry of d isjointed legislative attempts to both expand healthcare coverage for specific target groups musical composition attempting to reign in the constant upward spiral of health care costs. For example in 1986 the Emergency Medical Treatment and Active project Act (EMTALA) required all hospital facilities that received Medicare imbursements to screen and energise all persons who used their emergency room facilities regardless as to the ability to pay.Then, just a few short years later in the face of the Clinton administrations proposed wellness Security Act (which, in 1993, proposed access to healthcare for every American), the Health Insurance Association of America fought back with tv set ads depicting middle-class American families worried about access to health care under the Clinton sponsored plan. They had cause to worry. In the 10 years between 1987 and 1997 the number of uninsured grew from 31 million to over 42.4 million as ever increasing healthcare insurance costs, respo nding to exploding medical care costs, coerce individuals and whole families out of the ranks of the insured.In 2009, the White House held its first Health Reform Summit with key stakeholders. Shortly thereafter, President Obama releases his 2010 fiscal work out which includes 8 principles of health reform (electronic record-keeping, preventing expensive conditions, reducing obesity, refocusing revive incentives from quantity of care to quality, bundling payments for treatment of conditions rather than specific services, intermit identifying and communicating the most cost-effective treatments, and reducing defensive medicine), and sets aside 634 million dollars in a health reform reserve fund while Congress continues to debate national healthcare reform options (Obama, 2009). Late in 2009 both the House and the Senate pass health reform legislation. Even so, incomplete the Houses healthcare reform version nor the Senates are ratified by both political bodies.Then, on February 22, 2010 the White House releases President Obamas proposal for health care reform and hosts a second Healthcare summit just 3 days later. One week later, President Obama lays out his proposal and threatens the Senate that if need be a reconciliation process that required only a majority vote rather than the normal 60 votes to pass would be used to insure passage of the bill. Less than three weeks later, on March 21, 2010 the House of Representatives passes the Senates sponsored version of the bill the Patient Protection and affordable veneration Act (ACA), along with the Healthcare and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010 that amends the original Senate version of the Patient Protection and cheap Care Act reflecting negotiations between the House and Senate, and sends it to the President for signature. Two days later, President Obama signs the bill and P.L. 11-148 (Patient Protection and affordable Care Act ACA), becomes law and Obamacare is born.Does the Affordable Care Ac t of 2010 adequately fix the majority of the healthcare problems we face as a nation today? Or should the responsibility of individual health be on the individual?In the words of Phil Schiliro, former Director of White House Legislative Affairs The right measure of the ACA isnt whether it avoids political controversy its whether it makes America better by achieving its five most fundamental goals expanding health-insurance coverage, lowering costs and promoting fiscal responsibility, increasing quality through innovation, protecting seniors and delivering peace of mind to American families by guaranteeing essential rights. With these goals in place, individuals can concentrate on lifestyles that promote health rather than sad about getting help when efforts in this regard fail expectations.ReferencesTimeline memorial of Health Reform in the U.S.https//kaiserfamilyfoundation.files.wordpress.com/2011/03/5-02-13-history-of-health-reform.pdfA Brief History of Workers Compensation, Gr egory P Guyton, Department of Orthopedics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC Copyright 1999, The Iowa Orthopedic Journalhttps//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1888620/Medicare and Medicaid The foregone as Prologue, Edward Berkowitz, Health Care Financing Review/Spring 2008/ strength 29, Number 3https//www.cms.gov/Research-Statistics-Data-and- https//www.cms.gov/Research-Statistics-Data-Systems/Research/HealthCareFinancingReview/downloads/08Springpg81.pdfHealth is ultimately the responsibility of the individual to what extent is this viewpoint correct? rodrigo November 13, 2012 The WritePass Journalhttps//writepass.com/journal/2012/11/health-is-ultimately-the-responsibility-of-the-individual-to-what-extent-is-this-viewpoint-correct/Who is responsible for(p) for Your Health? Sarah Lifsey, May 14, 2015, Altarum Institutealtarum.org/health-policy-blog/who-is-responsible-for-your-healthProCon.org. (2015, May 8). Is the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (Obam acare) Good for America? Retrieved from http//healthcarereform.procon.org/view.answers.php?questionID=001526Remarks by the President to the AMA (June 15, 2009). Whitehouse.gov. Retrieved January 12, 2012.https//www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/remarks-president-annual-conference-american-medical-association